These days, two-factor authentication (2FA) is commonly required to keep your data secure. When first designed, these tools simply stored usernames and passwords in a secure location for later retrieval (e.g., your keychain, in an encrypted file, etc). To manage all of this, Git relies on tools called credential managers which handle authentication to different hosting services. On the other hand, PATs are often much easier to set up, but also far less secure. Though SSH-based authentication is considered most secure, setting it up correctly can often be a challenge. When using SSH, Git relies on the server knowing your machine’s public SSH key. When using HTTP(S), Git sends a username and password, or a personal access token (PAT) via HTTP headers. Git currently supports two authentication mechanisms for accessing remotes.
Additionally when working on proprietary software, you need a way to prove that you even have read permission to access your code during git fetch or git pull. When working in open source, you need to prove that you have rights to update a branch with git push. Authentication is a critical component to your daily development.
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